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A Practical Guide to Astronomy
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Black Holes:
The Final Abyss


What Are Black Holes?

According to Dr. Stephen Hawking of Cambridge University UK, the pre-eminant theorist on this subject, black holes are an enigmatic concentration of matter formed when a giant star burns away its nuclear fuel and collapses into an object so dense its gravity allows no light to escape, thus rendering itself invisable.

Other cosmologists suggest we can only see about 10% of our universe through such devices as telescopes, orbiting cameras and sound equipment. In the 90% that remains is the real mystery, the area known as 'Dark Matter.' Inside this 'Dark Matter' exists black holes. It is difficult to prove the existance of black holes because they are defined as what they are not. They consist of no matter, no space and no dimension. They only way they can be detected is using X-rays to detect the pulsars of radiation.

The only trace we have of black holes, is what black holes leave behind. A good example of this is the disappearance of any stellar neighbours such as stars.

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Above: This artist's rendition shows the energy from a neighbouring star being sucked into a black hole. Courtesy ESA, NASA.

Click Image to Enlarge

Black holes suck up everything that comes near it, as if the hole was quicksand or a drain in the sky emptying into an unknown. If you were to go into a black hole, there would be no way to come back to report what you found there, not to mention you would be crushed like spaghetti.

As in the top image, if a star were to come close by, at first the dust and gases from that star would be siffoned in, then any of the star's satellites (like planets and moons) then finally with one fell swoop, nothing remains but complete darkness.

Black holes are difficult to spot, scientist can only infer the properties of them. Holes are very dense, meaning heavy-duty gravity and they emit radiation jets from either of its poles, like an exhaust system. This product is called a quasar. Some quasars produce more energy than hundreds of galaxies put together.

So what is behind these 'doors' that lead out of our universe? What is at the edge of all time, space and dimension as we know it? We don't know what lays beyond and its unlikely that we will know anytime soon because anything that explores their inside never come back.

Above: In the center of a swirling whirlpool of hot gas is likely a beast that has never been seen directly, a black hole. Credits: ESA, NASA and Felix Mirabel.

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